熟记一些重要的化学方程式，对你的化学考试是有帮助的。下面是小编收集整理的2016高考化学方程式以供大家学习。

2016高考化学方程式：非金属单质

1、氧化性：

F2+H2===2HF (阴暗处爆炸)

F2+Xe(过量)==XeF2

2F2(过量)+Xe=XeF4 (XeF4是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4–)

nF2+2M=2MFn(M表示大部分金属)

2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2 (水是还原剂)

2F2+2NaOH=2NaF+OF2+H2O

F2+2NaCl=2NaF+Cl2

F2+2NaBr=2NaF+Br2

F2+2NaI=2NaF+I2

7F2(过量)+I2=2IF7

F2+Cl2(等体积)=2ClF (ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O==HF+HClO )

3F2(过量)+Cl2=2ClF3 (ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3 )

Cl2+H2=2HCl (将H2在Cl2点燃;混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸)

3Cl2+2P=2PCl3 Cl2+PCl3=PCl5 Cl2+2Na=2NaCl

3Cl2+2Fe=2FeCl3 Cl2+Cu=CuCl2

Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3 (在水溶液中：Cl2+2Fe2+=2Fe3++2Cl- )

Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2 Cl2+2Br-=2Cl-+Br2

Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2 Cl2+2I-=2Cl- +I2

3Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O=6HCl+KIO3

3Cl2+I–+3H2O=6H++6Cl–+IO3–

5Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HCl

5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl–+IO3–+12H+

Cl2+Na2S=2NaCl+S↓ Cl2+S2–=2Cl–+S↓

Cl2+H2S=2HCl+S↓ (水溶液中：Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl–+S↓ )

Cl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl

Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42–+2Cl–

Cl2+H2O2=2HCl+O2 Cl2+H2O2=2H++Cl–+O2

2O2+3Fe=Fe3O4 O2+K=KO2

S+H2=H2S 2S+C=CS2 S+Zn=ZnS

S+Fe=FeS (既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取)

S+2Cu=Cu2S (只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)

3S+2Al=Al2S3 (只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)

N2+3H2=2NH3 N2+3Mg=Mg3N2 N2+3Ca=Ca3N2

N2+3Ba=Ba3N2 N2+6Na=2Na3N N2+6K=2K3N

N2+6Rb=2Rb3N N2+2Al=2AlN

P4+6H2=4PH3 P+3Na=Na3P 2P+3Zn=Zn3P2

H2+2Li=2LiH

2、还原性

S+O2=SO2

S+H2SO4(浓)=3SO2↑+2H2O

S+6HNO3(浓)=H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O

3S+4HNO3(稀)=3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O

N2+O2=2NO

4P+5O2=P4O10(常写成P2O5)

2P+3X2=2PX3(X表示F2，Cl2，Br2)

PX3+X2=PX5

P4+20HNO3(浓)=4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2O

C+2F2=CF4

C+2Cl2=CCl4

C+O2(足量)=CO2

2C+O2(少量)=2CO

C+CO2=2CO

C+H2O=CO+H2(生成水煤气)

2C+SiO2=Si+2CO(制得粗硅)

Si(粗)+2Cl2=SiCl4

(SiCl4+2H2=Si(纯)+4HCl)

Si(粉)+O2=SiO2

Si+C=SiC(金刚砂)

Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2↑ (Si+2OH- +H2O= +2H2↑)

3、歧化反应

Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO(加碱或光照促进歧化： (Cl2+H2O= H++Cl–+HClO)

Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O (Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)

Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O (Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)

3Cl2+6KOH(浓)=5KCl+KClO3+3H2O (3Cl2+6OH–=5Cl–+ClO3–+3H2O)

3S+6NaOH=2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O (3S+6OH–=2S2–+SO32–+3H2O)

4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O=PH3↑+3KH2PO2 (4P+3OH–+3H2O==PH3↑+3H2PO2–)

11P+15CuSO4+24H2O=5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4

3C+CaO=CaC2+CO↑

3C+SiO2=SiC+2CO↑

2016高考化学方程式：金属单质(Na，Mg，Al，Fe，Cu)的还原性

2Na+H2=2NaH 4Na+O2=2Na2O 2Na2O+O2=2Na2O2

2Na+O2=Na2O2 2Na+S=Na2S(爆炸)

2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑ 2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH-+H2↑

2Na+2NH3=2NaNH2+H2↑ 2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2-+H2↑

4Na+TiCl4=4NaCl+Ti Mg+Cl2=MgCl2 Mg+Br2=MgBr2

2Mg+O2=2MgO Mg+S=MgS

2Cu+S=Cu2S (Cu2S只能由单质制备)

Mg+2H2O=Mg(OH)2+H2↑

2Mg+TiCl4=Ti+2MgCl2 Mg+2RbCl=MgCl2+2Rb

2Mg+CO2=2MgO+C 2Mg+SiO2=2MgO+Si

Mg+H2S=MgS+H2

Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2↑ (Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑)

2Al+3Cl2=2AlCl3

4Al+3O2=2Al2O3 (常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化，在氧气中燃烧)

4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O=2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg(铝汞齐)

4Al+3MnO2=2Al2O3+3Mn 2Al+Cr2O3=Al2O3+2Cr (铝热反应)

2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe 2Al+3FeO=Al2O3+3Fe

2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2↑ 2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑

2Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑ 2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑

2Al+6H2SO4(浓)=Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O (Al，Fe在冷，浓的H2SO4，HNO3中钝化)

Al+4HNO3(稀)=Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O Al+4H++NO3–=Al3++NO↑+2H2O

2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑ 2Al+2OH–+2H2O=2AlO2–+3H2↑

2Fe+3Br2=2FeBr3 3Fe+2O2=Fe3O4 2Fe+O2=2FeO (炼钢过程)

Fe+I2=FeI2

Fe+S=FeS (FeS既能由单质制备，又能由离子制备)

3Fe+4H2O(g)=Fe3O4+4H2↑

Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2↑ Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2↑

Fe+CuCl2=FeCl2+Cu Fe+Cu2+=Fe2++Cu↓

Fe+SnCl4=FeCl2+SnCl2(铁在酸性环境下，不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+SnCl2=FeCl2+Sn↓ Fe+Sn2+=Fe2++Sn↓

2016高考化学方程式：非金属氢化物

1、还原性：

4HCl(浓)+MnO2=MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O

4H++2Cl–+MnO2=Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2O

4HCl(浓)+PbO2=PbCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O

4H++2Cl–+PbO2=Pb2++Cl2↑+2H2O

4HCl(g)+O2=2Cl2+2H2O

16HCl+2KMnO4=2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O

16 H++10Cl-+2MnO4–=2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O

6HCl+KClO3=KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2O

6H++5Cl–+ClO3–=3Cl2↑+3H2O

14HCl+K2Cr2O7=2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2↑+7H2O

14H++6Cl–+Cr2O72–=2Cr3++5Cl2↑+7H2O

2H2O+2F2=4HF+O2

2HCl+F2=2HF+Cl2 (F2气与HCl、HBr、HI、H2S、NH3气体不能共存)

2HBr+Cl2=2HCl+Br2 (Cl2气与HBr、HI、H2S、NH3气体不能共存)

2H2S+3O2(足量)=2SO2+2H2O 2H2S+O2(少量)=2S↓+2H2O

2H2S+SO2=3S↓+2H2O H2S+H2SO4(浓)=S↓+SO2↑+2H2O

3H2S+2HNO3(稀)=3S↓+2NO↑+4H2O

3H2S+2H++2NO3–=3S↓+2NO↑+4H2O

5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S↓+8H2O

5H2S+2MnO4–+6H+=2Mn2++5S↓+8H2O

3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4=Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S↓+7H2O

3H2S+Cr2O72–+8H+=2Cr3++3S↓+7H2O

H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=Na2SO4+6NaOH

2NH3+3CuO=3Cu+N2+3H2O

2NH3+3Cl2=N2+6HCl 8NH3+3Cl2=N2+6NH4Cl

NH3+NaNO2+HCl=NaCl+N2↑+2H2O

NH3+NO2–+H+=N2↑+2H2O