“临床”即“亲临病床”之意，临床医学是研究疾病的病因、诊断、治疗和预后，提高临床治疗水平，促进人体健康的科学。接下来小编为大家整理了常用临床医学术语，希望对你有帮助哦!

diseases 疾病

infectious diseases 传染病

inherited diseases 遗传病

malignant diseases恶性病

nutritional diseases 营养病

occupation diseases 职业病

organic diseases 器质性病

paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病

periodical diseases 周期病

acute diseases 急性病

cardiac massage 心脏按摩

cardiac pacing 心脏起博

electrotherapy 电疗法

electroshock treatment 电休克疗法

hemodialysis 血液透析

hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法

insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法

light therapy 光疗法

therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育

advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病

chronic diseases慢性病

communicable diseases 传染病

complicating diseases 并发病

congenital diseases 先天性疾病

acquired diseases 后天性疾病

contagious diseases接触性传染病

endemic diseases 地方病

epidemic diseases 流行病

functional diseases 机能病、官能病

primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病

secondary diseases 继发病

sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病

terminal diseases 绝症

wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉

clinical manifestation 临床表现

delivery history 分娩史

etiology病因学

family history 家族史

history, medical history 病史

precipitating(induced)诱因

marital status婚姻状况

menstrual history 月经史

menarche 初潮

menopause闭经

past history既往史

pathogenesis 发病机制

personal history 个人史symptoms 症状

cardinal symptom 主要症状

classical symptom 典型症状

concomitant symptom 伴发症状

constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状

indirect symptom 间接症状

induced symptom 诱发症状

local symptom 局部症状

mental symptom精神症状

symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群

signs体征

antecedent 前驱征

assident (accessory) 副征

commemorative 后遗症

sign of death 死征

diagnostic诊断征

sign of disease 病征

subjective 自觉征，主观征

vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征

body length (height of the body) 身高

body weight 体重

barrel chest 桶状胸

cachexia 恶病质

compulsive position 被动体位

critical facies 病危面容

emaciation 消瘦

enophthalmos 眼球下陷

entropion 睑内翻

exophthalmos 眼球突出

flushed face 面色潮红

gain (loss) in weight 增加(减轻)体重

lock-jaw 牙关紧闭

lordosis 脊柱前凸

nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动

nystagmus 眼震

obesity 肥胖

pallor 苍白

scolisis 脊柱侧凸

agitation 焦急不安

debility, weakness 虚弱

diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗

dizziness, vertigo 眩晕

lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠

malaise 不适

night sweat 盗汗

numbness 麻木

rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷

perspiration, sweating 出汗

pruritus, itching 痒，

somasthenia 躯体无力

tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿

acidosis 酸中毒

adhesion 粘连

alkalosis 碱中毒

allergy 过敏

coagulation defect 凝血不良

congestion 充血

dehydration 脱水

distention 膨胀

edema 水肿

embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱

gangrene 坏疽

hematoma 血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding 出血

infarction 梗塞，梗死

infection 传染

inflammation 炎症

ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒

metastasis 转移

perforation 穿孔

necrosis 坏死

shock 休克

response 反应，应答

reaction 反应，感应

thrombosis 血栓形成

ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热

continuous fever 稽留热

intermittent fever 间歇热

low-grade fever 低热

remittent fever 驰张热

relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛

burning pain 灼痛

chest(flank,…) pain 胸(胁腹…)痛

cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛

dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛

pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛

radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 绞痛

cardiac angina 心绞痛

backache 背痛

colic 绞痛，急腹痛

earache 耳痛

headache 头痛

neuralgia 神经痛

migraine 偏头痛

rebound tenderness 反跳痛

somatalgia 躯体痛

sore throat 咽喉痛

stomachache 胃痛

toothache 牙痛

bloody sputum 带血的痰

cough 咳嗽

dry cough 干咳

expectoration 咳痰

expectoration of blood 咳血

hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧

apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息

asthma 气喘，哮喘

Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸

dyspnea 呼吸困难

hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度

hypopnea 呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表

hypoxia 低氧，缺氧

orthopnea 端坐呼吸

respiratory arrest 呼吸停止

suffocation 窒息

tachypnea 呼吸急促

fetid breath 口臭

fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐

atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全

cardiac arrest 心搏骤停

cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大

cyanosis 发绀，青紫

distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张

extrasystole 期外收缩

gallop rhythm 奔马律

hemopleura 血胸

hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流

hypovolemia (循环)血容量减少

palpitation 心悸

tachycardia 心动过速

pneumothorax 气胸

thrill 震颤

absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失

dull sound 浊音

hyperresonant 鼓音

rale 啰音

rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音

wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食

dysphagia 吞咽困难

eructation 嗳气

belching 嗳气

flatulence 气胀

flatus 肠胃气，屁

gaseous distention 胃胀气

hematemesis 呕血

hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆

nausea 恶心

pyrosis 胃灼热

regurgitation 反胃，回流

thirsty 口渴

vomiting 呕吐

anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂

ascites 腹水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹

decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱

exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张

fistula 瘘，瘘管

hemorrhoid 痔

hernia 疝

hepatomegaly 肝肿大

intussusception 肠套叠

jaundice 黄疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫

peristalsis 蠕动

loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失

mass peristalsis 总蠕动

retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动

prolapse 脱垂

prolapse of anus 脱肛

rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛

volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石， 石

biliary calculus 胆结石

vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘

defecation 排便

diarrhea 腹泻

incontinence of feces 大便失禁

hematochezia 便血

fecal impaction 大便嵌塞

occult blood 潜血

painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动

clay colored stools 陶土色便

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物

fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪

foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢

scanty and hard stools 便少而硬

tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿

burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感

dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛

enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿

frequency of urination 尿频

micturation 排尿

uresis, urination, voiding 排尿

nocturia 夜尿

oliguria 少尿

polyuria 多尿

tenesmus 里急后重

vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重

uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷

urgency of urination 尿急

urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿

chyluria 乳糜尿

cylindruia 管型尿

glycosuria 糖尿

hematuria 血尿

ketonuria 酮尿

pneumatinuria 气尿

proteinuria 蛋白尿

pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经

dysmenorrhea 痛经

menorrhagia 月经过多

lochia 恶露

menorrhea 行经，月经过多

menstruation 月经

uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点

bruise 挫伤，青肿

acne 痤疮，粉刺

desquamation 脱皮，脱屑

ecchymosis 瘀斑

loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈

nevus 痣

papule 丘疹

petechia 瘀点，瘀斑

pigmentation 色素沉着

pustule 脓疱

purpura 紫癫

red nodule 红结节

roseola 玫瑰疹

scar 伤疤

senile plaque 老人斑

spider anaioma 蛛形痣

subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节

urticaria 荨麻疹

vesicle 小水疱

vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明

blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊

impaired vision 视力下降

lacrimation 流泪

papilledema 视神经乳头水肿

photophobia 畏光，羞明

retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋

hearing loss 听力丧失

tinnitus 耳鸣

epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血

impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍

nasal discharge 鼻涕

nasal obstruction 鼻塞

sneeze 喷嚏

snore 打鼾

aphonia, loss of voice 失音症

hoarseness 嘶哑

gum bleeding 齿龈出血

herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮

Koplik's spots 科普利克斑

lead line of the gum 龈铅线

salivation, drooling 流口水

straw-berry tongue 草莓舌

tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩

contracture 挛缩

deformity 畸形，变形

dislocation 脱位

fracture 骨折

closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折

comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折

compound fracture 哆开(开放性)骨折

knock-knee 膝外翻

opisthotonos 角弓反张

prosthesis 假体

spasm 痉挛

tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦

wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语

ataxia 共济失调

coma 昏迷

consciousness 知觉，意识

convulsion 抽搐，惊厥

delirium 谵妄

delusion 妄想

faint 昏厥

hallucination 幻觉

hemiplegia 偏瘫

increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高

insanity 精神错乱

loss of orientation 定向丧失

mania 躁狂

memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症

paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹

projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐

somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡

stupor 木僵，昏呆

tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪

unconsciousness 失去知觉

yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象

cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis

脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象

failure 衰竭，故障

central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure

中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis诊断

auscultation 听诊

inspection 视诊

palpation触诊

percussion 叩诊

laboratory examination 实验室检查

physical examination 体格检查

rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠(阴道)指诊

impression 印象

tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断

differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断

final diagnosis 最后诊断

prognosis 预后

prescription 处方

incubation (latent) period 潜伏期

prodromal stage 前驱期

incipient stage 初期

quiescent stage 静止期

alleviation 减轻，缓和

remission 缓解

attack 发作

convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期

rehabilitation 康复

relapse 复发

sudden death 猝死

moribund 濒死的

course of the disease 病程

course of the treatment 疗程

indication 适应症，指征

complication 并发症

contraindication 禁忌症

side-effect 副作用

sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症

therapies 治疗方法

acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法

block therapy 封闭疗法

chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化学疗法

combined therapy 综合疗法

conservative therapy 保守疗法

constitutional therapy 全身疗法

dietetic therapy 饮食疗法

operative treatment 手术疗法

palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法

physical therapy 物理疗法

psychotherapy 精神疗法

radical treatment 根治

radio-therapy 放射性疗法

supporting treatment 支持疗法

symptomatic treatment对症疗法