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考研英语双语美文阅读1：

A brain chemical dubbed ‘ the hormone of love ’could encourage wallflowers to become more outgoing at social gatherings, a study shows. Now researchers have found it improves the social skills of the shy-but has little effect on those who are naturally confident. The finding could have implications for those with severe social deficiencies, often apparent in conditions like autism.

一种名叫“爱情荷尔蒙”的大脑刺激药品能够帮助害羞的人在社交场合“畅所欲言”。研究者发现，这个药品改进了害羞的人的社交技巧，但是对那些“天生自信”的人却“收效甚微”。研究发现，药品对那些患有严重的社交缺陷的人疗效明显，比如：自闭症患者。

They conducted a test of 27 healthy adult men, giving them the hormone or a placebo via a nasal spray and then asking them to perform an‘empathetic accuracy task’. This involved watching others discussing emotional moments in their lives, then rating how they felt those people were feeling. The scientists, whose research is published in Psychological Science, also measured the participants’ social competency, using a test known as AQ which is usually used in autistic patients.

研究邀请了27 名健康男性，对他们进行了针对性测试。用喷雾给他们“注射”荷尔蒙，进而观察在“强调准确性”的任务中的表现。他们观察别人谈论生活中激动人心的时刻，实验再对他们就他人身上发生的事情的感受能力打分。研究还对参与者的“社会能力”进行了测试，测试中囊括了一种叫做“逆境商数”(AQ)的测验。这种测验通常用来测试自闭症患者。

The more socially comfortable participants performed well on the empathetic accuracy task regardless of whether they were on oxytocin or placebo, but less socially proficient participants performed significantly better on oxytocin, with their empathetic accuracy performance identical to that of the socially proficient participants. Prof Jennifer Bartz, of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, said: “Oxytocin is widely believed to make all people more empathic and understanding of others. Our study contradicts that. Instead, oxytocin appears to be helpful only for those who are less socially proficient. Our data show that oxytocin selectively improves social cognition in people who are less socially proficient, but had little impact on more socially proficient individuals.”

不管有没有“催产素”，表现“自信”的人都在“同情心测试”中表现得很好，但是“不那么自信”的人的表现却显著提升，甚至到达了和“自信”的人一样的水平。西奈山医院的詹妮弗·巴茨教授说：“人们普遍认为‘催产素’能使人变得更加有同情心，更能理解别人。但是我们的研究与这种观点不同。我们认为“催产素”对那些社交能力不强的人很有效果。我们的数据显示“催产素”可以选择性地改善人们的社交认知能力，它对社交能力不强的人效果很好，但是对本身就很自信的人没有什么效果。

考研英语双语美文阅读2：

Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.

掌握一门乐器能够使大脑发生变化。这是美国的一项最新研究发现，通过音乐训练还能够提高演讲和外语水平。

Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.

尽管过去就有人提到过听莫扎特或其他古典音乐可以让人变得更聪明，但是并没有足够的证据证明音乐能提高人的智商。

But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.

如今，美国西北大学的一项研究从数据出发，分析探讨了音乐训练对语言、演讲、记忆力、注意力甚至感情表达等能力的影响。

Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.

据研究人员妮娜·克劳斯介绍，他们的研究数据充分表明，音乐训练过程中所产生的神经元连接能增强大脑在人际沟通等方面的能力。

“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.

在研究报告中，这些研究人员这样说道：“与体育锻炼对身体健康的影响一样，音乐能够增强大脑活力，增强听觉的敏锐度。所以我们有必要重视音乐在个人发展中所起的作用。”

Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.

克劳斯还说，学习声乐能够提高大脑的应变能力，也可以帮助神经系统建立起一个有利于学习的架构。

The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.

该成果发表于《神经系统科学自然评论》上，对近几年该领域内的最新研究进行了回顾和分析。这些研究主要关注的是音乐训练对神经系统的影响及其可能会对教育产生的潜在影响。

The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.

研究发现，演奏乐器能帮助提升大脑从各种复杂的过程中分辨出有价值信息的能力，这一复杂的过程可能包括看谱、记谱，计时或与其他乐师配合等。

“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”

克劳斯在一项声明中说：“音乐家的大脑能够有选择性地从声音中分辨出载有信息的元素。在感觉和认知的不断交互和融合中，神经系统能把复杂的声音和它们所表达的意思联系起来。”

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