分词

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行"，过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

1、 分词作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。

分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语应与主句的主语相一致。当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，则用现在分词的完成式;当所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，则用现在分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用过去分词。

(1)现在分词 The students went out of the classroom， laughing and talking.

(2)过去分词 Accompanied by his friend， he went to the railway station.

(3)过去分词 Given better attention， the plants could grow better.

分词

2、"while ( when， once， until， if ， though等连词)+分词"结构：现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when， once， although， until， if等连词。

When leaving the airport， she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train， I had a long talk with my sister about her work……

Once recovered， he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.

Although working very hard， he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word， the passage will be difficult to understand.

3、分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。

We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.

This is really an exhausting day to all of us!

We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.

After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness， I forced myself to take a long walk along the beachthe next day.

More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.

4、分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see， watch， hear， observe， notice， feel， find， glimpse， glance等感官动词和look at， listen to等短语动词以及have， keep， get， catch， leave， set， start， send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。

5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。

具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。