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英语考研晨读美文：做梦也能增强记忆力

People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are significantly better at recalling information and making links between facts when they wake, scientists found.

科学家发现，睡觉爱做梦的人在他们醒着的时候记忆力和关联事物的能力都会显著增强。

But recharging with a shallow nap offers no such mental boost, the research suggests.

该研究同时也声明仅仅是打个小盹就不会产生如此神奇的功效。

The results of the study add to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is crucial to the brain’s ability to lay down and consolidate memories.

这一研究印证了先前大量证据已经证明了的一个观点，那就是快速眼动睡眠(REM)阶段对大脑巩固记忆的能力至关重要。

An average night’s repose includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night.

在夜间睡眠过程中，通常会有四到五个周期的REM 阶段。直到天亮之前，REM 间隔周期呈逐渐延长的趋势。

This means that adults who get less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night-and therefore insufficient REM sleep-may be damaging their mind’s ability to form strong memories.

这就意味着，睡眠时间不足7-8 小时标准睡眠时间的成年人无法保障充分的REM 睡眠时间，因此他们形成牢固记忆的能力有可能会受损。

Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.

REM 睡眠并不属于深度睡眠的范畴，只有在经过深度睡眠后，大脑才能进入REM 睡眠阶段。

Scientists have been working on connections between sleep, dreams and brain activity since the REM state was first identified in 1953 by US researchers.

自1953 年美国研究人员首次确认REM 睡眠状态以来，科学家一直致力于研究睡眠、梦境以及大脑活动三者之间的关联。

They found that people woken while their closed eyes made jerking movements recalled much more colorful and elaborate dreams than people woken during other stages of sleep.

他们发现从REM 状态中醒来的人，相对那些从其他睡眠状态中醒来的人来说，更善于记住丰富多彩的梦境的细节。

It is now believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information that needs to be retained from useless information which can be discarded.This process may take place as memories are shifted from one part of the brain to others.

现在人们相信，睡眠过程就好比是在大脑内部进行文案整理工作。随着储存的记忆在大脑中进行位置转移，大脑从而对相关信息进行区分——摒弃无用信息，保留有用信息。

英语考研晨读美文：来自外星人的信号

The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), listening to the cosmos for signs of signals from alien civilizations, may be monitoring the wrong “channels,” a U.S. astrophysicist says.

一位美国天体物理学家表示，地外智能生命搜寻研究所(SETI)一直以来探索宇宙外星文明信号的方法可能是“走了弯路”。

Gregory Benford of the University of California, Irvine, says such a civilization wanting to announce its presence would transmit “cost-optimized” narrowly focused signals, not the continuous omni-directional signals the SETI program has been scanning for, a university release said recently.

美国加州大学欧文分校的科学家格雷戈里·本福德近日称，试图跟人类建立联系的外星人很可能从“成本最优”方面考虑只发送较短的定向信息，而不是漫无方向地持续发送信息。而SETI 一直以来搜索的信息正是后者。

“This approach is more like Twitter and less like War and Peace, ”James Benford, Gregory Benford`s twin and fellow physicist, says.

“这种发送消息的方法更像是推特(Twitter)，而不是场面宏大的《战争与和平》，”格雷戈里·本福德的孪生兄弟，物理学家詹姆斯·本福德说。

“Whatever the life form, evolution selects for economy of resources. Transmitting signals across light years would require considerable resources.”

“不论是何种生命形式，进化的方向都是节约资源。穿越光年发送信息，要花费相当巨大的资源。”

They says alien signals would not be blasted out in all directions but narrowly directed in the one-to-ten gigahertz broadband signal range and SETI’s broad sweeping search could leave many days when brief Twitter-like flashes of “ here we are” from alien civilizations go undetected.

他们还说，外星人不会向外漫无目的地全方位传送信号，而只会在1-10千兆赫的波段内定向发送。但SETI 采取的是大范围的信号扫描方式，这样一来，在外星文明发出“我们在这儿!”的信号时，可能就已经错过SETI 的扫描了。

Such short, targeted blips, dubbed Benford beacons, should be the targets of SETI efforts, a growing number of scientists say.

越来越多的科学家支持他们的观点，认为这种简短、定向的信息(被称为本福德信号)才应该是SETI 搜索的目标。

And the Benfords also suggest concentrating the search on our own Milky Way galaxy, especially its center where 90 percent of its stars are located.“

本福德兄弟还建议将搜索地点锁定在我们自身所处的银河系，特别是90%恒星所在的中心地区。

The stars there are a billion years older than our sun,” Gregory Benford says, “which suggests a greater possibility of contact with an advanced civilization than does pointing SETI receivers outward to the newer and less crowded edge of our galaxy. ”

“那里的恒星寿命比太阳还早10 亿年，”格雷戈里·本福德说，“这意味着那里更有可能存在高等智慧生命。这比将SETI 的天线对准银河系边缘更年轻恒星、也更稀疏的区域要好得多了。”

英语考研晨读美文：拜金女

More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors. The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the net, and even by the government.

“拜金女”遭媒体炮轰从中国各地赶来的五万多名美女正在排队,应征与18 位年轻有为、身家百万的单身富豪约会的机会。中国最近涌现了众多选美节目，而这些节目中的拜金思想遭到了媒体、网络甚至中国政府的一致谴责。

The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities. Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a ‘lucky face’, according to an article on the People’s Daily’s English website. Only 18 finalists will ultimately date—and, if they’re lucky, marry—the eligible young men.

这次选美活动是在线组织的，第一轮选拔在几个大城市同步举行。据《人民日报》英文网络版报道，很多应征者未能通过风水师检验她们是否有“旺夫相”这一关，已打道回府。最终只能18 名美女留下。如果她们足够幸运，有可能将嫁给合适的年轻男士。

Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as ‘money worship’ and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.

《中国日报》网络版的评论代表多数公众对这一事件所持的否定态度，抨击这种活动是“拜金主义”，将女性看作男性的玩物。评论人张天频批评说，这种活动让有钱人丑态毕露，这也是中国人为什么仇视有钱人。

Elites should “not flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,”he argues.

他说，“精英人士不应该把钱花在猎取艳福上，而应将钱用于造福社会等活动。”

China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years. Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture. According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed”too materialistic.” On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man’s offer of a bicycle ride, saying: ‘I would rather weep in a BMW than smile on your bicycle.’

近年来，中国的精英征婚活动、电视婚恋节目及相亲网络呈逐渐增加趋势。直言不讳的评论家表示这类征婚活动会对中国文化造成影响。据《环球时报》一篇在线文章称，22 岁的时装模特马诺发表了让中国观众感觉“太过拜金”的言论，之后政府下令所有的电视台封杀她。之前在一个电视婚恋节目《非诚勿扰》中，马诺拒绝了一位失业男士的求婚，她说，“我宁愿坐在宝马里哭，也不坐在自行车后座上笑”。

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