人教版初三英语知识点
英语是一门实用性极强的课程。下面是小编收集整理的人教版初三英语知识点以供大家学习。
人教版初三英语知识点:被动语态
被动语态常用于以下两种情况:
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2.强调动作的承受者。例如:
C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:
Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)
Where were vegetables grown ?
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。
3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。
4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。
人教版初三英语知识点:形容词与副词
1.形容词的用法
(1)形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。例如:
Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语)
The fish went bad. (作表语)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语)
(2)形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3)用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
You can take any box away, big or small.
(4)the+形容词表示一类人或物
The rich should help the poor.
2.副词的用法
(1)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very hard. (作状语)
Life here is full of joy. (作定语)
When will you be back? (作表语)
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如:
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如:
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如:
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如:
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how, when, where, why等。例如:
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
人教版初三英语知识点:冠词和数词
一、冠词的用法
冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。
A(an)叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。
1. 不定冠词的用法
(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:
John is a student.
Mary is an English teacher.
(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:
A steel worker makes steel.
Pass me an apple, please.
(3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或和物。例如:
A student wants to see you.
A girl is waiting for you outside.
(4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于every。例如:
Take the medicine three times a day.
They go to see their parents once a week.
2.定冠词用法
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:
Open the door, please.
Jack is in the library.
(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如:
Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.
(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如:
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
January is the first month of the year.
(6)用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:
The nurse is kind to the sick.
We should take good care of the old.
(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如:
the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。
(8)用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇”。例如:
the Browns, the whites等。
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