关于解析英语句子语法
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关于解析英语句子语法一
It 的用法
<例句>
It was you who had been wrong.
错的是你。
<语法分析>
it 强调句子的主语,可用 who 或 that 引导句子的后面部分。用于强调的 it,可以对句子的某一处成分加以强调。例如可以强调句子的主语、宾语以及状语等。It 的用法有很多,它最基本的用法是作代词,主要代表刚提到的事物以避免重复,也可以代表某些抽象事物或代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东西。有时也可以不指具体的东西,例如天气、环境和时间等。先行词的it 主要作为句子的形式主语,从而使句子变得平稳。
<触类旁通>
(1) It was a great surprise to me when she did a thing like that.
她做这样的事情我大为吃惊。
语法分析:It代表抽象的事物。
(2) Where does it hurt?
哪儿疼?
语法分析:it代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东西。
(3) How fat is it to Beijing?
到北京有多远?
语法分析:it代表距离。
(4) It was she who lent us the money.
是她借钱给我们的。
语法分析:it用于强调句中,强调句子的主语。
(5) It's beyond me to say why.
我无法说个究竟。
语法分析:It作先行词,作句子的形式主语,有平稳句子的作用,句子谓语有这几种:be +形容词或名词,介词短语+不定式,及物动词+宾语+不定式。
<巩固练习>
1. _____ says here there was a big fire in the city.
2. “Why, ____ is you!” she cried.
3. _____ takes two to make a quarrel.
4. Why is _____ that everyone thinks I'm narrow-minded?
5. Was _____ you that broke the window?
6. Does _____ itch much?
<参考答案>
1. It 2. it 3. It 4. it 5. it 6. it
关于解析英语句子语法二
自身代词和相互代词
<例句>
She prided herself on her cooking.
她为自己的烹调技术感到骄傲。
<语法分析>
自身代词在句子中作宾语,此外自身代词还可以作表语、主语等,有时也用作宾语的同位语。在一些成语中也可以用到自身代词。相互代词其实只有两个,即:one another 和 each other,它们可以表示两个人或几个人之间的相互关系,在句子中可以作宾语或介词宾语,也可以和's一起构成定语。
<触类旁通>
(1) Let me introduce myself.
我来介绍我自己。
语法分析:自身代词在句子中主要用作宾语。
(2) Take good care of yourself.
好好保重。
语法分析:自身代词也常用作介词宾语。
(3) The president himself gave her the medal.
校长亲自给她颁发了奖章。
语法分析:用作主语。
(4) He wanted to see Mary herself.
他想见玛丽本人。
语法分析:作宾语的同位语。
(5) We have known each other for many years.
我们相识很多年了。
语法分析:相互代词作宾语。
(6) We don't see much of each other.
我们不常见面。
语法分析:用作介词宾语。
(7) Each tried to do more than the other.
他们争着多干活。
语法分析:有时each other还可以分开。
<巩固练习>
1. One should not praise _____.
2. They called _____ weavers.
3. Please help _____ to some meat.
4. She reproached _____ for her behavior that evening.
5. She didn't pay for _____.
6. Miss Brown was sitting by ______ on a beach.
7. He has a small room to _____.
8. We each know what the _____ thinks.
<参考答案>
1. oneself 2. themselves 3. yourself 4. herself 5. herself 6. herself 7. himself 8. other
关于解析英语句子语法三
疑问代词和连接代词
<例句>
What color are the curtains?
窗帘是什么颜色?
<语法分析>
疑问代词 what 在句子中作定语,此外还可以作主语、宾语或介词宾语等,which 也有这样的用法。此外,what 还可以用作表语。问候 在句子中多作主语或表语,whom 在句子中多作宾语或介词的宾语,在紧跟介词时只能用 whom。whose 可以用作定语、主语、表语或宾语等成分。连接代词与疑问代词同形,可以引导各种从句,在从句中它们可以作主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语和定语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Who would like to go with me?
谁愿和我一起去?
语法分析:who 在句子中多作主语或表语。
(2) Whom are you writing to?
你在给谁写信呀?
语法分析:whom 在句子中多作宾语或介词的宾语。
(3) To whom did you give the parcel?
你把包裹给谁了?
语法分析:在紧跟介词时只能用 whom,不能用 who.
(4) Whose is better, yours or hers?
谁的比较好,你的还是她的?
语法分析:whose 表示谁的,用作主语。
(5) What is your father?
你父亲是干什么的?
语法分析:what还可以用作表语。
(6) Show me what you have in your hand.
把你手上的东西给我看看。
语法分析:what 引导从句,表示“the thing which...”。
(7) I will give you what help I can.
我将尽量给你帮助。
语法分析:在从句中 what 有时用作定语。
<巩固练习>
1. _____ did you see?
2. _____ do you mean?
3. I asked him _____ came into the room.
4. Do you know _____ that girl's mother is?
5. That is _____ I want to know.
6. Let me know _____ bus you'll be arriving on.
7. I must decide _____ to do with her.
<参考答案>
1. Whom 2. What 3. who 4. what 5. what 6. which 7. what
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