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2017高考英语动词知识点归纳

一、表示“使/让……”概念的动词

这类动词常见的有：have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force,cause等.它们后边分别可跟不定式，分词，形容词、介词短语，名词等作宾语补足语。

例如：I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.对不起，让你久等了。

The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得我们情绪高涨。

二、不定式做宾补，不定式符号可以省略的动词

常见的有;see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,llook at等感官动词及表示使役概念的have,let,mak等。这类词在变为被动语态时，其后不定式符号 to常补出。

例如：We are made to work far into the night.我们被迫干活到深夜。注;在这种结构中，watch，have,let一般不变为被动语态。如： The boy was watched to come out。(误)

三、不定式作宾语补足语，其后内容省略而只保留不定式符号的动词此类动词常见的有;

refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love,plan, try, prefer,wish等。例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?------Idid n't mean to.

四、引导宾语从句用虚拟预期的动词这类动词在引导宾语从句从句时常用:

should+动词原形，should可以省略，常见的有：order ,demend,suggest,insist,require,advise,decide,propose等。例如He orderd that we should do it at once.他要求我们立即完成这项工作。He adviced we should do more speaking practising inorder to improve ourEnglish.他建议我们要想提高英语水平应练习说。

五、形主动、意义被动的词常见的有：

work,open,close,write,cut,look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此类词的主语常为物。而且还常与表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well,easily,long等连用。例如;The clothing sells well. This kind of fruit can keep long.

六、行为动词充当系动词的词

这类动词不能单独构成动词词组，其后须带有表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式，V-ing，V-ed)构成系表结构，常见的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。例如;It sounded like a train that was going under my house.听起来，象有火车在楼下飞驰而过。

Keep fit,study hard and wok well.身体好，学习好，工作好。

七、只接名词作宾语的词

此类动词常见的有: apprecate, adcice,suggest, compiete, finish,consider,enjoy,imagine,mind,miss,practise,keep, delay,risk,excuse,resist,avoid,escape,admit,forgive, permit,require,prevent,pardon,allow等。例如：I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.我非常钦佩她献身教育的精神。Do you mind my asking a question?我问你一个问题你不介意吧?

八、既可接现在分词又可接过去分词作宾补的动词

此类动词常见的有：get,keep,have,leave,find,see,notice,hear等。例如：The two cheats had the lighes burning all night long. Yesday XiaoMing had his hair cut,I hardly recognized him.

九、同一词语用作及物动词与不及物动词

此类及物与不及物用法是有区别的，常见的有;work,wait/wait for,lie/lay,raise/rise,sit/seat,serve等。例如：If you have any question to ask in class,you can raise your hands.课堂上有什么问题可以举手发问。The sun rising,we started out.太阳升起来了，我们便开始上路。

十、构成固定短语的“短语动词”

此类动词在英语中数量较大。如;act as充当，beleve in相信,come across遇见,deal with处理,engage in从事,lead to导致,refer to提到,send for派人前往,cut in插嘴 die out灭绝,rise up起义, set off出发,warm up暖和起来,make fun of取笑,make friends with与……交朋友,set fire on点火,date back to追溯到,get along with 与……相处,look forward to期望,run out of用光,do away with废除.

We must look into the matter immediately.

我们必须马上调查此事。

The old should learn form the young and keep up with.

老年人应向青年人学习，跟上时代发展的步伐

2017高考英语定语从句知识点归纳

被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有：when, where, why, how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

1关系代词引导的定语从句

1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换).

例如：

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等.

例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：

不用that的情况：

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

c) 多用who 的情况

①关系代词在从句中做主语

A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

②先行词为those, people 时

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时

One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.

④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.

⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。

He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.

d)先行词既有人，又有物时。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

f)关系代词在从句中做表语

He is not the man that he used to be.

3关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.

例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.

注意：

①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。

如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。

Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?

3名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句

She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.

There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.

There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.

4as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

用法区别：

(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

As we all know, he never smokes.

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。

(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。

She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.

(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和??一样??。

I should like to use the same tool as is used here.

We should have such a dictionary as he is using.

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