在英语里什么是同位语

发布时间:2017-03-17 11:53

同位语,代表一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。

例句

⒈由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。

Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.

我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。

our new teacher是主词Mr. Smith的同位语,指同一人。

Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.

昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。

a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。

在英语里什么是同位语

⒉如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。

He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.

他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。

himself和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。

Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr. James.

昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。

同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。

⒊同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。

We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.

我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

He is interested in sports,especially ball games.

他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。

同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信 仰),news(消息),idea(主意;观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面。例如:He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意:that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于:同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代;定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when,why,where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于:同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用; 定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. (定语从句,when关系副词) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. (定语从句,which/that为关系代词) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. (定语从句,where为关系副词) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. (定语从句,which为关系代词)

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