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关于桥牌的英语作品(一)

Splinter raises

The splinter bid is a useful addition to any pairs’ bidding arsenal. It is a

specialized type of raise that sometimes allows a partnership to bid a game or slam that might otherwise be missed.

A splinter raise is an unusual jump that shows four-card or longer support for the last bid suit, game-going values and shortness (a singleton or void) in the suit in which the jump occurred. For example:

Opener Responder

1H 4C

Responder shows at least four hearts, opening values (approximately; more on this later) and club shortness.

How can you tell which jumps are splinters? They’re usually defined as any new-suit response beyond a double jump. That means that after a 1H opening, 3S, 4C and 4D are all splinter raises, each showing a different singleton or void. After a 1S opening, 4C, 4D and 4H are all splinter bids.

Why are these bids useful? Let’s look at an example:

Opener Responder

S A K 6 5 4 S Q 10 9 8 7

H K Q 6 H A 5 4 2

D 8 6 2 D 5

C A 6 C K Q J

After opener begins with 1S, responder bids 4D. From opener’s point of view, this is good news. She knows that her partner has at most one diamond, making it safe to explore for slam. Why? Opener doesn’t have to worry about the three low diamonds in her hand.

Whether opener uses Blackwood or cuebids, 6S is easy to reach and almost certain to succeed. Notice that the partnership has a combined total of only 28 points, far less than the textbook 33 points suggested for bidding a small slam. If responder had splintered in a different suit (hearts, for example) opener should take a more pessimistic view of things and settle for game only.

How strong does responder need to be to make a splinter bid? Partnerships may, of course, define them as they please, but many players have found that restricting responder to 13 to 15 points (which includes distribution) makes it easier for opener to know what to do. With a weaker hand, other types of raises are available to responder. The same is true for stronger hands. Opener may make a splinter bid as well. Here’s an example:

Opener Responder

S A J 6 5 S K Q 7 4 3

H 9 H 8 7 6

D K Q J 4 D 9 3 2

C A Q 10 2 C J 4

After 1D by opener, responder bids 1S. Opener then jumps to 4H, a splinter bid. What does it mean when opener uses this type of jump? It shows a fit for responder’s suit (at least four cards), an excellent hand (remember, responder could have a minimum hand, as in the example) and shortness in the bid suit. Responder will retreat to 4S after the 4H splinter, but will be pleased when he sees the dummy. With only 22 combined HCP, the spade game is a virtual lock, and 11 tricks are possible if the club finesse works.

Note that if splinters weren’t being used on this deal, opener might have rebid 3S. Responder, with such a weak hand, would certainly have passed, and the good game would have been missed.

Can you use splinters after a 1C or a 1D opening? Yes, as long as you discuss this with partner. After a 1C opening, 3D, 3H and 3S would all be splinter bids. If opener starts with 1D, 3H, 3D and 4C would be splinters.

There are other applications for splinters in different auctions. Consider this: Opener Responder

1C 1H

2H 3S

Since the partnership has already agreed on hearts, should 3S be a natural bid? Many partnerships believe that it should not. Instead, they treat it as a splinter raise, showing game-forcing values and spade shortness.

Remember, you must discuss this treatment with partner. It’s important to specify the strength of splinter raises as well as whether they can be used in other constructive auctions such as the last example.

关于桥牌英语作品(二)

Opening Bids

Quick Tricks:    

A or KQ = 1 Quick Trick King = 1/2 Quick Trick AQ = 1 1/2 Quick Tricks AK = 2 Quick Tricks

Evaluating your opening bidOpen virtually ALL hands with 13 or more high-card points. Open a hand with 11 or 12 pts. (or even 10 pts.) if your hand and the conditions meet at least two or three of the following requirements:



Your hand has two or more quick tricks -- Stretch to open any hand with at least 2 1/2 quick tricks. Avoid opening hands with less than 2 quick tricks.

A1043 1096 AK92 43 -- Open 1D. This is "only" 11 pts., but it has three

prime quick tricks.

Q106 AQ1073 KJ76 4 -- Open 1H. Just two quick tricks, but good playing

strength.

QJ6 K72 Q43 A753 -- Pass. This is a "soft" hand with only 1 1/2 quick tricks.



You have good suit quality -- honors and high "spot" cards in your long suits.

AQJ103 86 A1042 32

-- Open 1S. J8643 KQ A8 Q632 -- Pass. 

You'll have an easy, descriptive rebid -- a 6+-card suit or a two-suited hand.

10 KQJ85 765 AJ93 -- Open 1H. You plan to rebid 2C if partner doesn't raise

hearts.

1032 3 KQJ1065 AJ9 -- Open 1D. You plan to rebid 2D over any response from partner.

You have length and strength in the majors -- This gives you an easy rebid and makes it more likely that you'll play in a trump contract instead of 3NT.

K1072 AJ93 4 K954 -- Open 1C. If partner responds 1D, you can bid 1H. If

he instead bids 11H or 1S, you'll raise to 2.

4 K43 AJ93 K9543 -- Pass. You'll have an awkward rebid if partner responds 1S.



You're vulnerable. It may be safer to open a vulnerable 1-bid than to overcall later, especially if you have a fairly weak suit.

7 K98754 A102 KJ3 -- Open 1H. You'd hate to have to overcall 2H if your

opponent opens 1S.

Void KJ10543 A102 J843 -- Pass. This hand is too weak for a 1-bid and too strong for a 3-bid. You can describe it better by overcalling later.



You have a partscore at rubber bridge. To complete your partscore, it's often important to show your values early in the auction. A light opener is fairly safe in this situation because partner will usually keep the bidding low.

A RULE TO REMEMBER:

If you decide your hand is worth an opening bid, stay with the courage of your conviction. Don't "lie" later just to make up for your thin high-card points. Treat your hand as a "real" opener, especially if you find a trump fit. If you're in third seat (partner has passed):

Be more anxious to open light. You should stretch to open even a 10-11 pt. hand if:

You have a strong suit -- one you want partner to lead if you defend.

KQ1093 J4 A75 987 -- Open 1S. 

You can safely pass any suit partner responds.

K93 10876 J98 AK3 -- Open 1C and pass partner's response.

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